古欧洲金属镜
Ancient European Metal Mirror
在欧洲古希腊、罗马时代，也是用一种稍凸出的磨光金属盘作镜，其不反光的一面刻有花纹，最早的镜子是带柄的手镜，到公元1世纪出现了可以照全射的大镜，中世纪时，手镜在欧洲普遍流行，通常为银制或磨光的青铜镜，中世纪时，装在精美的象牙盒内或珍贵的金属盒内的小镜子，成为妇女随身携带的时髦品，背面涂金属的玻璃镜子是12至13世纪之交出现的，到文艺复兴时期，纽伦堡和威尼斯已成为著名的制镜中心。
In the ancient Greek and Roman times, a slightly protruding polished metal disk was also used as a mirror. Its non-reflective side was engraved with patterns. The earliest mirror was a hand mirror with a handle. In the 1st century AD, there appeared a large mirror that could be fully illuminated. In the Middle Ages, hand mirrors were popular in Europe, usually silver or polished bronze mirrors. In the Middle Ages, they were packed in exquisite Ivory boxes or precious ones. Small mirrors in metal boxes became fashionable items for women. Glass mirrors coated with metal on the back appeared at the turn of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. By the Renaissance, Nuremberg and Venice had become famous mirror-making centers.
14世纪初，威尼斯人用锡箔和水银涂在玻璃背面制镜，照起来很清楚，15世纪纽伦堡制成凸透镜，是制玻璃球时在内部涂一层锡汞齐。
At the beginning of the 14th century, Venetians used tinfoil and mercury to coat the back of glass to make mirrors. It was very clear that in the 15th century, Nuremberg made convex lenses, which were made of glass balls with a layer of tin amalgam on the inside.