梳妆匣的型制
Model of toilet case
梳妆匣现存于世的实物中，传世品较早的可见于明代，出土物较早的可见于春秋战国时期，而又以汉墓出土者为多。
The dressing boxes are found in the objects of the world. The handed-down articles can be seen earlier in the Ming Dynasty, the unearthed objects can be seen earlier in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, and most of them are unearthed from Han tombs.
我国早期的梳妆匣，所用材质多为木胎髹漆，也有藤编或竹苇制者；唐代发现有瓷制品，宋代已有纯木制品；至明便有了用贵重木材如黄花梨、紫檀、红木等制作的梳妆匣；清代以降，所用材质基本与明代无异。
In the early days of our country, most of the dressing boxes were made of wood womb lacquer, rattan or bamboo reed. Porcelain products were found in the Tang Dynasty and pure wood products were found in the Song Dynasty.
梳妆匣的用途是容纳化妆用品，同时化妆主人的阶层身份及化妆的复杂程度决定了单元数量的多寡。汉代最简单的妆奁只是一枚单只的圆盒。史籍中所载曹操的“妆具”：“……方七八寸，高四寸余，中无鬲（隔）……”，就是不分层，很朴素；豪华的妆奁分为两层，如马王堆1号汉墓的遗册中所称“九子曾（层）检”就是中含9个小奁的双层圆奁，而长沙咸家湖西汉墓出土的长方奁中则有11个小奁，是已知装小奁最多的一例。
The purpose of the dressing box is to accommodate cosmetics. At the same time, the class status of the makeup owner and the complexity of the makeup determine the number of units. The simplest makeup in Han Dynasty was only a single round box. Cao Cao's "Makeup Kit" in historical records: "... The square is seven or eight inches, four inches higher than the middle. The luxurious ornaments are divided into two layers, such as the "nine-son-zeng (layer) inspection" in the remains of the Han Dynasty tomb No. 1 at Mawangdui, which contains nine small round bars, while the rectangular bars unearthed from the Western Han Dynasty tomb at Xianjiahu in Changsha contain 11 small bars, the largest number of known small bars.
1984年在江苏邗县姚庄一座西汉晚期墓中出土的一具梳妆匣比较典型：外形呈圆柱体，上盖下盒，盖顶为圆弧形，盖钮为一银质柿蒂，周边饰有三道银扣和二道银脊。外髹酱紫色底漆，内髹酱红色底漆。银扣间用土黄色漆绘云气纹、梅花鹿、羽人、锦鸡等，盖内顶漆绘云气纹和龙纹。盒内有各种形状的子盒7只和铜镜一面。通高17厘米、直径22厘米。从装饰到内部设置都十分豪华。从出土的汉代梳妆匣实物外观来看，它们都是可以单独拿出来的小盒，平时又被有序放置在一只大盒之中。这些小盒分别因所盛之物不同而分为不同的形状：圆形、椭圆形盛脂粉之类，长方形盛簪钗，马蹄形盛梳篦。上层则置铜镜。
In 1984, a dressing box unearthed from a tomb of the late Western Han Dynasty in Yaozhuang, Yongxian County, Jiangsu Province, was typical: it was cylindrical in shape, covered with a box under the top, with a circular arc top, a silver persimmon pedicle with three silver buttons and two silver ridges around it. It is a purple primer and a red primer. The silver button room is painted with earthy yellow lacquer moire, Sika deer, feather man, caragana, etc. The top of the cover is painted with Moire and dragon. The box contains 7 boxes of various shapes and one side of the bronze mirror. The height is 17 centimeters and the diameter is 22 centimeters. From decorating to interior setting, they are very luxurious. From the physical appearance of the Han Dynasty dressing boxes unearthed, they are small boxes that can be taken out separately, and are usually placed in an orderly large box. These small boxes are divided into different shapes according to their contents: round, oval fat powder, rectangular hairpin, horseshoe-shaped comb. The upper level is equipped with bronze mirrors.